Tshawb nrhiav "pipe expansion" nyob rau hauv steel -sourcing ntsiab lus thiab koj yuav tsaws rau ob qho tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom sib txawv uas tshwm sim los sib koom lub npe. Ib qho yog cov kauj ruam ua tiav siv rau welded yeeb nkab (ERW, LSAW, SSAW) los kho qhov sib npaug thiab qhov tseeb qhov tseeb tom qab tsim. Lwm qhov yog qhov loj me - cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv siv rau cov yeeb nkab seamless, siv los ua ib txoj kab uas hla loj dua li lub tshuab tho rotary tuaj yeem tsim tau hauv ib qho dhau los. Ob leeg koom nrog kev thawb lossis kos cov yeeb nkab txoj kab uas hla sab nraud - thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov zoo sib xws xaus. Tsis meej pem ob, los yog piv txwv li "expanded yeeb nkab" ib txwm txhais tau hais tias tib yam, yog ib tug tiag tiag qhov chaw ntawm miscommunication nyob rau hauv lub quotation theem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau buyers tshiab rau kab yeeb nkab procurement.
Kab lus no cais ob txoj hauv kev, piav qhia txhua qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab tiav, thiab nteg tawm dab tsi los kuaj xyuas ua ntej qhia lossis lees txais ob hom ntawm ib qhov project.
Cold Expansion: Ib kauj ruam Sizing rau Welded Line Pipe
Txias expansion - qee zaum hu ua txias sizing lossis mechanical expanding - yog siv rau welded yeeb nkab (feem ntau LSAW thiab SSAW, qee zaus loj -}diameter ERW) tam sim ntawd tom qab tsim thiab vuam, thaum lub yeeb nkab nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov yeeb nkab yog loaded rau hauv hydraulic expander haum nrog ib tug segmented tuag los yog expanding taub hau. Lub taub hau yog muab tso rau hauv cov yeeb nkab thiab mechanically quab yuam sab nraud nyob rau hauv ib tug series ntawm kev tswj cov kauj ruam raws cov yeeb nkab ntev, plastically deforming cov yeeb nkab phab ntsa sab nraud los ntawm ib tug me me, precisely tswj tus nqi.
Lub hom phiaj yog yuav luag tag nrho. Phaj-formed thiab coil-formed yeeb nkab (JCOE, UOE, los yog kauv forming) los ntawm vuam kab nrog ib co tawm- ntawm- roundness, residual forming stress, thiab txoj kab uas hla variation raws nws ntev - phaj los yog coil yeej tsis khoov mus rau hauv ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub voj voog. Txias expansion kho qhov no los ntawm kev yuam tag nrho cov yeeb nkab lub cev mus rau hauv ib tug nruj npaum li cas, zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv lub voj voog, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm ib feem ntawm lub nominal sab nraud txoj kab uas hla.
API 5L raug lees paub cov kauj ruam no: cov yeeb nkab uas tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem no yog tsim "CE" (txias nthuav dav) ntawm nws cov cim thiab ntawv pov thawj, thiab tus qauv txhais tau tias qhov txias -expansion ratio - qhov feem pua nce nyob rau hauv ib ncig los yog txoj kab uas hla tau ua tiav thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem - raws li tus nqi ntawm cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm thiab tuav ib yam nyob rau hauv ib qho kev xeem. Hauv kev xyaum, qhov piv txwv no yog me me, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam li ntawm 0.3% mus rau 1.5%, vim tias lub hom phiaj yog kev kho kom raug, tsis yog qhov loj me me. Ib qho piv txwv nce siab tshaj qhov tau teev tseg los ntawm ib chav ntsuas mus rau tom ntej yuav tsum tau pib chav ntsuas tshiab hauv qabAPI 5L's kev soj ntsuam lub moj khaum, vim hais tias cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov yeeb nkab tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov nyiaj ua haujlwm txias.
Qhov kev hloov ntawd yog qhov txiaj ntsig thib ob tsim nyog nkag siab. Cov hlau ua haujlwm txias los ntawm cov yas deformation ua rau kom muaj zog tawm los ntawm kev nthuav dav (cov khoom siv ua haujlwm- hardens), uas feem ntau yog qhov zoo siab txais tos rau cov yeeb nkab uas yuav pom lub siab sab hauv. Nws kuj qhia txog qee qhov anisotropy - cov yeeb nkab compressive yield zog nyob rau hauv ib co kev taw qhia yuav txo tau me ntsis txheeb ze rau nws tensile yield zog, cov nyhuv metallurgists xa mus rau Bauschinger nyhuv. Rau feem ntau cov kab ntawv siv cov yeeb nkab no yog qhov zoo nyob rau hauv lub hnab ntawv uas tau txais thiab raug muab tso rau hauv cov lej tsim; nws dhau los ua ib qho lus nug txog engineering tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb xws li siab -kev sib tsoo- kev pabcuam kev ua haujlwm, qhov twg tus tsim qauv yuav xav pom qhov tseeb npaum li cas qhov txias txias tau thov.
Kub Expansion: Extending Seamless Yeeb Nkab Tshaj Tawm ntawm Piercing Mill's ncav cuag
Kub expansion daws qhov teeb meem sib txawv kiag li. Rotary piercing mills - cov cav tov uas hloov cov khoom siv puag ncig steel billet rau hauv lub plhaub hollow seamless - muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub qab nthab. Feem ntau cov mills sab saum toj ntawm kev tsim cov yeeb nkab seamless txog li 20 ntiv tes (508 mm) OD hauv ib qho kub - dov dhau. Kev thov loj - txoj kab uas hla seamless yeeb nkab muaj txawm hais tias - qee cov roj thiab roj kis tau tus mob, thiab cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb uas tsis tuaj yeem siv tau, hu rau cov yeeb nkab seamless zoo tshaj lub qab nthab, txog li 40 ntiv tes (1016 hli).
Kub expansion yog cov txheej txheem uas txuas qhov sib txawv. Tus qauv kub- dov seamless "niam yeeb nkab," uas tsim los ntawm los yog ze ntawm lub zeb tho qhov siab tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla, yog reheated - feem ntau siv nruab nrab - zaus induction cua sov - mus rau ib tug kub - ua hauj lwm kub, ces dhau los ntawm ib tug mechanical expansion mill qhov twg ib tug internal mandrel. Phab ntsa thickness txo proportionally raws li txoj kab uas hla nce, raws li tib lub ntim -kev txuag logic raws li tej kub- txheej txheem txheej txheem.
Qhov kev thov rov hais dua yog ncaj nraim: nws tsim cov yeeb nkab seamless tiag tiag (tsis muaj vuam seam ntawm ib txoj kab uas hla) ntawm qhov loj me ntawm lub pob zeb tho tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag ncaj qha, feem ntau ntawm tus nqi qis dua lwm txoj kev loj - txoj kab uas hla seamless, thiab nrog cov khoom tsim nyog. Qhov no yog vim li cas kub - nthuav dav seamless yeeb nkab tau pom kev lag luam tsis tu ncua, tshwj xeeb yog los ntawm Suav seamless mills uas tau tsim muaj peev xwm nyob ib ncig ntawm cov txheej txheem no.
Nws kuj los nrog kev lag luam tawm - tawm uas tus neeg yuav khoom hais tias "tsis muaj seamless" rau daim ntawv thov xav tau yuav tsum paub txog. Cov yeeb nkab niam nqa cov khoom tsis yog-hlau suav nrog - sulfides, oxides, thiab silicates - uas yog ib txwm muaj, qis- theem ntawm cov txheej txheem steelmaking. Thaum lub sij hawm kub nthuav dav, qhov kub siab thiab deformation tuaj yeem ua rau cov kev sib xyaw ua kom nyias nyias, phaj -zoo li cov duab raws li cov kev taw qhia nthuav dav, qhov tshwm sim uas tuaj yeem txhawb kev delamination (kev sib cais sab hauv raws lub dav hlau dov) nyob rau hauv qee yam kev ntxhov siab. Kev txias txias tsis sib xws tom qab nthuav dav tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv cov yeeb nkab phab ntsa, hais tau ntau dua li hauv cov yeeb nkab niam uas tsis tau rov ua haujlwm dua -. Rau kev siv dav dav -lub hom phiaj seamless daim ntawv thov, tswj kom zoo kub nthuav dav tsim cov yeeb nkab uas ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv nws qhov ntsuas ntsuas. Tab sis rau cov kev pabcuam qaub - ib puag ncig cuam tshuam nrog H2S qhov twg hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) thiab sulfide stress cracking (SSC) kuj yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb ntawm kev tswj hwm - suav nrog-flattening nyhuv yog qhov pom tau tias qhov kev ceev faj hauv kev lag luam, thiab qee qhov project specifications tsis suav nrog cov yeeb nkab kub expand {18} HIC/SSC{19}} kev pabcuam tseem ceeb nkaus xwb, lossis xav tau kev kuaj kev tsim nyog ntxiv ua ntej lees txais nws.
Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv uas ua raws los ntawm txhua qhov txheej txheem
Ob txheej txheem kuj hloov qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau tom qab qhov tseeb. Tom qab kev nthuav dav txias, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ntev (tawm- ntawm- roundness, txoj kab uas hla raws cov yeeb nkab ntev, qhov ncaj) yog thawj qhov kev kuaj xyuas, txij li cov txheej txheem yog cov neeg kho tshuab thiab tsis qhia txog cov kev txhawj xeeb metallurgical uas tuaj nrog reheating. Kev ntsuam xyuas ultrasonic ntawm cov vuam seam thiab lub cev tseem ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov yeeb nkab welded, tab sis tsis muaj qhov ntxiv metallurgical re- kev tsim nyog tau tsav los ntawm cov kauj ruam sizing nws tus kheej.
Tom qab kub nthuav dav, kev kuaj ultrasonic yuav siv lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb: nws yog txoj hauv kev los kuaj xyuas qhov kev pheej hmoo delamination tau piav qhia saum toj no, txij li kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev sib cais sab hauv tsis pom los ntawm sab nraud. Lub zeb khiav kev qhuab ntuas kub- txheej txheem nthuav dav yuav UT scan qhov kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab txuas, tsis yog cov yeeb nkab niam nkaus xwb ua ntej nthuav dav, qhov tseeb vim tias cov kauj ruam nthuav nws tus kheej yog dab tsi qhia txog kev pheej hmoo raug kuaj xyuas. Yog hais tias tus neeg muag khoom cov ntaub ntawv zoo tsuas yog qhia txog kev sim ntawm niam cov yeeb nkab theem, qhov ntawd tsim nyog tsa raws li cov lus nug ua ntej muab qhov kev txiav txim rau kev nthuav dav seamless yeeb nkab uas xav tau kev pab cuam.
Lub sij hawm txhuas thiab tus nqi kuj sib txawv hauv ib txoj hauv kev uas tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus hais. Kev nthuav dav txias yog qhov nrawm, nyob rau hauv - kab tiav cov kauj ruam ua ke rau hauv cov yeeb nkab welded ntau lawm, ntxiv lub sij hawm tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tus nqi txheeb ze rau lub hauv paus yeeb nkab. Kev nthuav dav kub yog qhov sib cais rov ua kom sov thiab tsim cov haujlwm ua tiav ntawm ib qho uas twb tau ua tiav lawm - niam cov yeeb nkab, uas ntxiv cov theem tsim khoom sib txawv, ncua sij hawm ua cov hmoov lead piv rau cov qauv seamless, thiab tau cuam tshuam rau tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm cov yeeb nkab uas poob rau hauv cov tho pob zeb cov kab kab ib txwm nyob - tus nqi uas feem ntau yog qhov kev txiav txim siab kub ntawm {5 seam xaiv qhov project loj- txoj kab uas hla welded hloov.
Ob txheej txheem, Ob yam lus nug sib txawv
Vim hais tias "expanded yeeb nkab" tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog ib qho ntawm cov no, cov lus nug tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum nug yog nyob ntawm qhov twg siv rau cov khoom tau hais.
Rau qhov txias- nthuav dav welded yeeb nkab, cov lus nug cuam tshuam yog qhov loj me thiab cov tshuab: qhov txias npaum li cas - nthuav dav piv tau siv, nws puas tau tshaj tawm rau ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj zeb raws li API 5L xav tau, thiab cov cuab yeej ua tau zoo li cas (tshwj xeeb yog tias compressive loading lossis kev sib tsoo tsis haum rau daim ntawv thov) poob rau hauv qhov project tsim lub hauv paus xav. Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub rau lub zeb los muab thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov kev txhawj xeeb tiag tiag rau cov qauv kev xa tawm lossis kev xa tawm.
Rau qhov kub - nthuav dav seamless yeeb nkab, cov lus nug tseem ceeb mus ntxiv: yog cov yeeb nkab kub - nthuav dav lossis thawj niam- cov yeeb nkab txoj kab uas hla (cov ntawv pov thawj zeb thiab PO yuav tsum tau hais meej meej, vim tias ob qho tsis sib hloov rau txhua daim ntawv thov), thiab yog kub - nthuav dav, yog qhov kev pab cuam sour, siab, siab - orientation thiab residual stress. Yog tias lo lus teb rau lo lus nug kawg no yog yog, nws tsim nyog nug tus neeg muag khoom ncaj qha seb qhov project tshwj xeeb lossis qib twg muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm kev xeem HIC/SSC ua tiav ntawm cov khoom kub- nthuav dav, es tsis yog qhov kev ua raws li API 5L dav siv los daws cov lus nug.
Sib piv cov txheej txheem rau qhov Scenario
- Standard Transmission Lines (Tsis yog-Qaub):Welded LSAW/SSAW yeeb nkab nrog tus qauv txias expansion yog lub neej ntawd, nqi -kev xaiv zoo.
- Sour Service (H2S / NACE MR0175):Tsis txhob kub - nthuav dav seamless yeeb nkab vim muaj kev koom nrog -flattening thiab delamination txaus ntshai; xaiv rau tsis yog - nthuav seamless los yog txias - nthuav welded yeeb nkab nrog ib qho kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib piv.
- General Industrial & Structural (>20" Seamless):Kub- nthuav dav seamless yeeb nkab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev lag luam ntawm no, muab kev pabcuam UT tag nrho tau lees paub.
- High-Cov ntawv thov sib tsoo (Deepwater / Casing):Txheeb xyuas qhov txias - nthuav dav piv rau cov qauv tsim, raws li kev nthuav dav txias txo qis compressive yield zog (Bauschinger nyhuv).
- Standard Sizes (tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 20" Siab-P/High-T):Standard non-expanded seamless yeeb nkab yog cov txheej txheem kev daws teeb meem -expansion txheej txheem yog tsis tsim nyog.
- Kev siv nyiaj -Kev txwv loj Seamless Specs:Kub- nthuav dav seamless yeeb nkab muab tus nqi- kev xaiv zoo thaum "seamless" yog qhov yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis thiab cov kev pab cuam tso cai.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus:Kev xaiv cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau tsav los ntawm kev xav tau kev pabcuam (siab, qhov kub thiab txias, H2S raug, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg sab nraud), sib piv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
