Seamless Steel Pipe: Daim Ntawv Qhia Kev Lag Luam Ua tiav rau Kev Tsim Khoom, Cov Qauv, thiab Kev Xaiv

Seamless steel yeeb nkab yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no, tab sis txoj kev nws tau tsim, sim, thiab tau teev tseg feem ntau tsis to taub sab nraud ntawm metallurgical thiab piping engineering voj voog. Cov lus qhia no taug kev los ntawm kev tsim cov yeeb nkab seamless li cas, nws txawv li cas los ntawm cov yeeb nkab welded, yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau ib leeg, thiab dab tsi cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv cov yeeb nkab thoob plaws kev lag luam xws li roj thiab roj, kev tsim hluav taws xob, thiab kev lag luam.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov yeeb nkab seamless yog ncaj nraim: nws yog tsim los ntawm ib qho khoom siv steel hlau uas yog rhuab thiab pierced los ntawm nws qhov chaw los tsim ib tug hollow raj, tsis muaj welded sib koom nyob qhov twg raws nws ntev los yog ib ncig. Qhov no sawv hauv qhov sib piv rau welded yeeb nkab (ERW, LSAW, los yogSSAW), uas yog tsim los ntawm dov ca steel phaj los yog coil rau hauv ib lub cylindrical zoo thiab ces welding lub seam kaw.

Qhov kev sib txawv ntawm ib leeg - qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj qhov vuam seam - muaj qhov tshwm sim loj dua li cas ob hom yeeb nkab ua haujlwm hauv kev ntxhov siab. Lub weld seam, txawm li cas los xij zoo li cas, qhia txog thaj tsam ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov microstructure, muaj peev xwm residual kev nyuaj siab, thiab ib tug statisticically muaj feem ntau ntawm cov tsis xws luag piv rau cov puag ncig puag ncig hlau. Seamless yeeb nkab, tsis muaj seam zoo li no, nthuav tawm ntau cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo sib xws hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia ib ncig ntawm nws qhov ncig - cov cuab yeej engineers xa mus rau lub zog isotropic. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb vim li cas qhov kev tsim kho seamless dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv vim tias qhov siab, qhov kub thiab txias, lossis kev nyab xeeb- qhov tseem ceeb nce ntxiv.

Kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis vim nws ncaj qha piav qhia vim li cas qee qhov ntau thiab tsawg, kev kam rau siab, thiab hom tsis xws luag tshwm sim - cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thaum ntsuas tus neeg xa khoom lossis teeb meem qhov teeb meem zoo. Cov qib uas tsim los ntawm txoj kev no - xws li peb Cov Yeeb Nkab Kub Rolled Seamless Yeeb Nkab - tau txais lawv qhov sib xws thiab cov khoom siv tshuab ncaj qha los ntawm qhov zoo npaum li cas ntawm txhua theem no tswj tau.

1. Billet npaj thiab cua sov.Round steel billets, feem ntau tas mus li - nrum, raug txiav kom ntev thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tig mus rau qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov feem ntau ntawm 1,150℃thiab 1,280 degree, nyob ntawm qib steel. Txawm tias cua sov tseem ceeb heev; Qhov kub tsis sib xws ua rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev tho thiab phab ntsa thickness variation downstream.

2. Piercing (tus txheej txheem Mannesmann).Lub rhuab billet yog pub rau hauv lub pob zeb tho, qhov twg ob lub kaum sab xis tig lub pob zeb thaum lub pob zeb ruaj khov ua rau nws txoj hauv kev los ntawm qhov chaw, siv qhov tshwm sim hu ua Mannesmann effect - qhov nyiam ntawm lub rotating bar nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev ntxhov siab no los tsim cov cavitation sab hauv ntawm nws axis. Qhov no ua rau cov tuab tuab -cov phab ntsa hollow hu ua "niam raj."

3. Elongation thiab phab ntsa txo.Lub raj niam yog ces elongated thiab nws phab ntsa thickness txo kom ze rau qhov kawg qhov ntev, siv ib tug ntawm ob peb lub zeb hom: ib tug plug zeb, ib tug mandrel zeb (nruam los yog tuav), los yog ib tug Assel zeb rau siab -precision daim ntaub ntawv. Kev xaiv ntawm hom zeb cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau zoo, thiab yog ib qho laj thawj vim li cas tsis yog txhua qhov "seamless yeeb nkab" los ntawm cov mills sib txawv yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib xws, txawm tias tib lub npe loj.

4. Sizing thiab stretch txo.Lub tshuab sizing (thiab, rau ntau qhov loj me, ib qho ncab-txo zeb) coj cov yeeb nkab mus rau nws txoj kab kawg sab nraud thiab txhim kho phab ntsa thickness uniformity. Cov theem no tseem cuam tshuam rau cov yeeb nkab kawg cov khoom siv kho tshuab, txij li cov txheej txheem txo kev ua haujlwm - hardens cov hlau rau qee qhov.

5. Cua txias, kho cua sov, thiab ua tiav.Cov kav dej txias txias - feem ntau ntawm kev taug kev - beam txias txaj - ces ncaj. Nyob ntawm qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab qib, lawv tuaj yeem ua kom zoo li qub, quenching thiab tempering, los yog kev ntxhov siab- nyem annealing kom ua tiav qhov yuav tsum tau ua ke ntawm lub zog, ductility, thiab grain qauv. Thaum kawg, cov kav dej raug txiav kom ntev, thiab xaus yog beveled, threaded, los yog sab laug ib qho kev txiav txim.

6. Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev sim.Ua ntej tso tawm, cov yeeb nkab feem ntau raug soj ntsuam qhov loj me, kuaj ultrasonic (UT) rau cov phab ntsa tuab thiab qhov tsis xws luag, thiab kev sim hydrostatic los yog kev pom zoo tsis yog -kev puas tsuaj electromagnetic test, nrog rau kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj (tensile, yield, elongation, thiab qee zaum Charpy impact test) ntawm cov qauv ntawm txhua qhov kub los yog ntau.

Ib qho kev yuam kev ntau tshaj plaws yog kho cov yeeb nkab raws li cov khoom lag luam uas tau teev tseg feem ntau los ntawm cov kab uas hla thiab phab ntsa tuab. Hauv kev xyaum, tus txheej txheem tswj hwm txiav txim siab txog kev txwv chemistry, cov cuab yeej cuab tam yam tsawg kawg nkaus, kev tsim cov txheej txheem tso cai, thiab yuav tsum muaj kev sim - txhais tau tias ob lub kav dej uas muaj qhov sib npaug tuaj yeem yog cov khoom sib txawv raws li tus qauv lawv tau lees paub.

• ASTM A106 / A53 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / A53 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / A53 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / A53 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / A53 / ASTM A106 / A53 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / ASTM A106 / A53 / ASTM A106 / A53 / ASTM A106 / A53 / ASTM A106 / A53 / ASTM A106) thiab ASTM A106 / A53tswj kev dav dav thiab siab -kub carbon steel yeeb nkab uas muaj nyob rau hauv North American txheej txheem thiab cov kav dej siv hluav taws xob. Rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws chemistry thiab cov khoom tawg ntawm cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws, saib peb A106 Qib B Seamless Steel Pipe qhia.
• API 5Ltswj cov kab yeeb nkab rau cov roj, roj, thiab dej xa mus, nrog PSL1 thiab PSL2 cov khoom lag luam specification theem nqa cov ntsiab lus sib txawv toughness thiab cov kev xeem yuav tsum tau - them rau qhov tob ntxiv hauv peb cov lus qhia Cov Roj thiab Roj Seamless Steel Pipe.
• API 5 CTtswj oilfield casing thiab tubing, ib qho sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv thov qeb los ntawm kab yeeb nkab txawm tias qhov sib tshooj.
• ASTM A335 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeebthiab cov qauv hlau zoo sib xws tswj hwm cov yeeb nkab uas npaj siab rau siab - kev pabcuam kub siv chromium- molybdenum alloys (P11, P22, P91), qhov kev nkag siab tsis kam - tsis yog lub zog tensile - yog qhov kev txiav txim siab tsim qauv.
• EN thiab DIN cov qauv(EN 10216, DIN 2391, thiab lwm yam) siv nyob rau hauv European- cov lag luam muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab nqa lawv tus kheej qib nomenclature thiab xeem cov rooj sib tham uas tsis qhia ib qho - rau - ib qho mus rau ASTM / API qhov sib npaug.

 

ASTM A106 Kub Tiav Seamless Yeeb Nkab

 

API5L SEAMLESS PIPE

 

DIN 1629 ST 52 Seamles Steel Yeeb Nkab

 

TS EN 10216 STEEL PIPE rau kev kub siab

Cov yeeb nkab uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj tab sis tau tsim los yog sim raws li tus qauv tsis raug rau daim ntawv thov tsis yog qhov hloov pauv, txawm hais tias nws zoo li zoo li cas ntawm daim ntawv spec. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis meej pem hauv kev hla - ciam teb kev yuav khoom, qhov twg tus neeg muag khoom qhov "qib sib npaug" thov yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas tus kheej ntawm tus qauv tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom vaj khoom tsev es tsis yog txais ntawm lub ntsej muag tus nqi.

Ib qho kev to taub tsis meej nyob rau hauv kev lag luam piping yog tias lub peev xwm siab yog ib qho khoom ruaj khov ntawm cov yeeb nkab loj. Nws tsis yog. Kev ntsuas siab yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev suav lej engineering - feem ntau hais los ntawm Barlow's formula (P=2St/D) - uas suav rau phab ntsa tuab, cov khoom siv zog, cov kab uas hla sab nraud, thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb tsim los ntawm txoj cai tswj hwm (xws li ASME B31.3 rau cov txheej txheem piping lossis B31.8). Qhov kev suav no, thiab kev ua lag luam- tawm nws cuam tshuam nrog, tau tshawb xyuas hauv cov ntsiab lus hauv peb cov lus qhia xaiv Cov Yeeb Nkab Siab Siab Seamless.

Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tib lub nominal yeeb nkab loj tuaj yeem nqa ntau qhov sib txawv siab nyob ntawm phab ntsa thickness (sijhawm) thiab qib khoom. Nws kuj txhais tau hais tias kev kho dua tshiab rau qib siab dua - qib steel tsis yog qhov kev xaiv "zoo dua": siab dua - qib zog tso cai rau cov phab ntsa nyias nyias rau tib qhov kev ntsuas siab, uas txo qhov hnyav thiab cov nqi khoom, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem qhia tuav, weldability, thiab fabrication teeb meem uas qib qis dua nrog phab ntsa tuab yuav zam. Kev xaiv cov yeeb nkab ua haujlwm hnyav rau cov kev lag luam no- tawm tsam qhov tshwj xeeb qhov kev tsim cov peev txheej thiab cov kev pabcuam, tsis yog ua rau cov qib siab tshaj plaws.

Vim tias cov yeeb nkab tsis xws luag feem ntau pom tsis pom los ntawm sab nraud, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov saw hlau ntsuas tseem ceeb npaum li cov khoom siv lub cev. Qee cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg yuav khoom:

Mill Test Certificate (MTCs)tso tawm raws li EN 10204 tuaj ntawm ntau hom. Daim ntawv pov thawj 3.1 tau lees paub los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lub tuam tsev zoo; ib daim ntawv pov thawj 3.2 yuav tsum muaj kev lees paub los ntawm tus kws tshuaj xyuas ywj pheej lossis tus neeg yuav khoom tus neeg sawv cev tso cai, ua pov thawj qhov kev sim tiag tiag. Rau cov ntawv thov tsis yog - tseem ceeb, 3.1 feem ntau txaus; rau qhov tseem ceeb los yog kev ruaj ntseg daim ntawv thov, ntau qhov project specifications yuav tsum tau 3.2, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau teem ua ntej los yog thaum lub sij hawm ntawm ntau lawm, tsis yog tom qab qhov tseeb.

Positive Material Identification (PMI)tsim nyog hais tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv hlau alloy. Cov qib zoo li P11, P22, thiab P91 tuaj yeem pom qhov pom thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel lossis los ntawm ib leeg, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub siab - cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm kub. Sib tov- nce ntawm cov qib no tau ua rau muaj tseeb, zoo-cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam ua tsis tiav. Kev ntsuam xyuas PMI, feem ntau ua nrog lub portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer, txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb muaj pes tsawg leeg tiv thaiv daim ntawv pov thawj thiab yuav tsum raug suav tias yog kev coj ua qauv - tsis yog qhov kev xaiv ntxiv- ntawm - rau txhua qhov kev txiav txim hlau hlau txhawb kev pabcuam tseem ceeb.

Thaum tshav kub kub thiab traceability ntautso cai rau cov yeeb nkab ntu kom rov qab mus rau nws qhov qub steel tshav kub, txuas nws mus rau cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas tshuab rau cov khoom tsim tawm ntawd. Rau cov haujlwm tswj hwm los ntawm kev saib xyuas kev tswj hwm (cov kav dej, cov hlab ntsha siab, nuclear- cov chaw nyob ib sab), tag nrho traceability los ntawm cov xov tooj cua sov los ntawm cov kav dej zaum kawg yog ib qho kev cog lus thiab kev tswj hwm, tsis yog kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws.

Ntau cov qauv qauv tam sim no tsim cov qauv xav tau thiab cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thoob plaws hauv kev lag luam yeeb nkab seamless:

Deepwater thiab unconventional roj thiab roj kev loj hlobtxuas ntxiv thawb kev thov mus rau qib siab dua -qib, qaub- kev pabcuam- cov kav dej muaj peev xwm thiab cov kav dej, thiab cov qhov dej nkag mus tob dua thiab ntsib ntau dua corrosive, siab dua - cov dej hauv cov dej siab tshaj li kaum xyoo dhau los. Qhov no tau nce qhov tseem ceeb ntawm NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 kev ua raws cai hauv kev txiav txim siab muab khoom.

Kev hloov pauv hloov hluav taws xob, suav nrog kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab lub neej- txuas ntxiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag thermal uas twb muaj lawm nrog rau cov tshiab- tsim cov haujlwm, txuas ntxiv txhawb kev thov rau cov qib hlau alloy xws li P91 thiab P22, txawm tias qhov dav zog sib xyaw hloov pauv - vim tias muaj qhov kub siab -kub cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam tau ntau xyoo thiab xav tau xws li{7} los yog {6} - hloov khoom siv.

Cov kev cia siab zoo dua los ntawm EPC cov neeg cog lus thiab cov tswj hwmtau ua thib peb-kev soj ntsuam tog, PMI, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho cov pob ntawv nce tus qauv ntau dua li qhov tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam nrog cov kev cai nruj dua.

Regional standard convergence thiab divergence- thaum ASTM thiab API cov qauv tseem muaj nyob hauv North American thiab ntau lub lag luam Middle Eastern thiab Asian, EN cov qauv muaj kev tswj hwm nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe, thiab cov neeg yuav khoom nce ntxiv xav tau cov neeg xa khoom muaj peev xwm ua pov thawj rau ntau tsev neeg rau tib lub cev cov khoom lag luam, es tsis ua rau ib qho qauv txheej txheem.

Seamless steel yeeb nkab xaiv yog qhov kawg kev txiav txim siab engineering disguised raws li kev ua haujlwm. Qhov kev xaiv zoo yog nyob ntawm qhov tseeb - qhov muag kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm siab, qhov kub thiab txias, corrosive peev xwm, siv tau raws li txoj cai, thiab fabrication yuav tsum tau - tsis nyob rau xaiv qhov loj tshaj phab ntsa thickness los yog siab tshaj - qib muaj zog muaj. Cov neeg yuav khoom uas nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv sib tshooj, thiab cov kauj ruam pov thawj uas cais cov kev ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los qhia meej rau thawj zaug, zam kev rov ua haujlwm dua, kev ncua sijhawm, lossis - qhov phem tshaj plaws - hauv - kev pabcuam tsis ua haujlwm uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev kho cov khoom sib txuas tsis sib xws.

Hu rau tam sim no